Howto to start working with basic bash shell commands

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[edit] ReadMe

  • SSH Bash Shell commands are limited on Kholix shell server. Not every bash command will work on Kholix shell especially which required privilege access. But Kholix shell server configured with basic need for those programmers for PHP, Python, Perl and Java. If you want more binary to execute on your shell environment, please contact support@kholix.com with your description.
  • Shell access required your true personal identity by network administrator admin@kholix.com.

[edit] Target Audience

  • Hosting account(s) which has SSH access to Kholix shell server
  • For Window user
  • New Linux/Unix user
  • New Mac user
  • New to command line interface user
  • None Graphical User Interface (GUI) user
  • Read SSH article for your SSH clients

[edit] Basic BASH Commands on Kholix Server

[edit] touch

touch -- to create new file 

user@nighthawk$touch test.txt

[edit] joe

joe -- joe command line text editor 

user@nighthawk$joe test.txt

Invoke commands insides joe editor (joe commands need to hold down control key while pressing two characters' switches) 

^ -- sign represent for Control key
^KH -- to turn on/off joe editor help menu
^KD -- to save test file
^KX -- to save and exit
^KZ -- to suspend current editing and visit shell
fg -- to return previous suspended joe editing session (only if suspended session)
^C -- to abort editing
^C , y -- to exit without save

[edit] vi

vi -- vi command line text editor 

user@nighthawk$vi test.txt

Invoke basic commands inside vi editor 

:q! -- to exit without save
:wq -- to save and exit
i (or) insert -- to insert/edit text
Shift D -- to delete line
yy -- to copy line
p -- to paste line
Page Up -- to scroll page up
Page Down -- to scroll page down

[edit] nano

nano -- nano command line text editor 

user@nighthawk$nano test.txt

CTRL+O (not zero, Control + Character O) -- overwrite/modify text file
CTRL+X -- to exit/quit nano editor

[edit] cat

cat -- to view file contents 

user@nighthawk$cat test.txt

[edit] chmod

chmod -- to change file permission 

user@nighthawk$chmod 644 test.txt
user@nighthawk$chmod 666 test.txt
user@nighthawk$chmod 777 test.txt
user@nighthawk$chmod 755 Folder
user@nighthawk$chmod 777 Folder

 chmod a+rwX test.txt  (WORLD)
 chmod ug+rwX test.txt  (USER.GROUP)
 chmod o-rwx test.txt  (EVERYBODY IS REJECTED)

[edit] ls

ls -- list current directory contents 

user@nighthawk$ls
user@nighthawk$ls -a
user@nighthawk$ls -l
user@nighthawk$ls -al
user@nighthawk$ls -alh

Note: ll -- is short form of ls -al. By default for limited user account or jailed user, this command is not enabled. You can create shell alias to use this command, read follow by alias section. h -switch view by KB/MB.

[edit] df

df -- Report how much free disk space is available for each mount you have. 

df -h -l

[edit] du

du -- Tells you how much space a file occupies. 

du -a

http://www.computerhope.com/unix/udu.htm

[edit] alias

alias -- create your own shortcut commands with shell aliases. 

user@nighthawk$alias ll='ls -al'
user@nighthawk$alias
ll='ls -al'

[edit] rm

rm -- remove/delete of files (use with caution) 

user@nighthawk$rm test.txt
user@nighthawk$rm -rvf directory

Switches 

-r -- recursive
-v -- verbose output
-f -- force
-h -- print help

[edit] unzip

unzip -- to unzip/inflating the zipped file 

user@nighthawk$unzip test.zip

[edit] zip

  • In this example, filename.zip represents the file you are creating and filesdir represents the directory you want to put in the new zip file. The -r option specifies that you want to include all files contained in the filesdir directory recursively. 
zip -r filename.zip filesdir
  • You can use zip to compress multiple files and directories at the same time by listing them with a space between each one: 
zip -r filename.zip file1 file2 file3 /usr/work/school

[edit] bzip2/bunzip2

bzip2 -- to compress/de-compress with bzip2 format De-compress 

user@nighthawk$bzip2 -d test.bz2
user@nighthawk$bunzip2 test.bz2

Compress 

user@nighthawk$bzip2 test
user@nighthawk$bzip2 -z test
  • You can use bzip2 to compress multiple files and directories at the same time by listing them with a space between each one: 
bzip2 filename.bz2 file1 file2 file3 /usr/work/school

[edit] gzip/gunzip

gzip -- to compress/de-compress with gzip format

  • To use gzip to compress a file, type the following command at a shell prompt. The file will be compressed and saved as filename.gz. 
gzip filename
  • To expand the compressed file, type the following command. The filename.gz is deleted and replaced with filename. 
gunzip filename.gz
  • The following command compresses file1, file2, file3, and the contents of the /usr/work/school directory (assuming this directory exists) and places them in a file named filename.gz. 
gzip -r filename.gz file1 file2 file3 /usr/work/school

[edit] tar

tar -- to inflate the tar archive file 

user@nighthawk$tar -xzvf test.tar.gz
user@nighthawk$tar -xzpf test.tgz
user@nighthawk$tar -xjvf test.tar.bz2
user@nighthawk$tar -xf test.tar

tar -- to create the tar archive file 

user@nighthawk$tar -czvf foldername.tar.gz folder-directory
user@nighthawk$tar -czvf test.tar.gz test
user@nighthawk$tar -czpf test.tgz test

[edit] mv

mv -- move files to new place 

user@nighthawk$mv test.txt /home/projects/myproject/

[edit] cp

cp -- copy files to new place 

user@nighthawk$cp test.txt /home/projects/myproject/

[edit] mkdir

mkdir -- make new directory 

user@nighthawk$mkdir test

[edit] wget

wget -- direct download packages from shell to directory 

user@nighthawk$wget http://www.examplesoftwaresite.com/software.tar.gz

[edit] curl

curl -- direct download packages from shell to directory 

user@nighthawk$curl -O http://www.examplesoftwaresite.com/software.tar.gz

[edit] More

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